∂
V
∂
t
+
1
2
σ
2
S
2
∂
2
V
∂
S
2
+
r
S
∂
V
∂
S
−
r
V
=
0
\frac{\partial V}{\partial t} + \frac{1}{2}\sigma^2 S^2 \frac{\partial^2 V}{\partial S^2} + rS\frac{\partial V}{\partial S} - rV = 0
∂
t
∂
V
+
2
1
σ
2
S
2
∂
S
2
∂
2
V
+
r
S
∂
S
∂
V
−
r
V
=
0
a
2
+
b
2
=
c
2
a^2 + b^2 = c^2
a
2
+
b
2
=
c
2
E
[
R
i
]
=
R
f
+
β
i
(
E
[
R
m
]
−
R
f
)
E[R_i] = R_f + \beta_i (E[R_m]-R_f)
E
[
R
i
]
=
R
f
+
β
i
(
E
[
R
m
]
−
R
f
)
F
=
G
m
1
m
2
r
2
F = G\frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}
F
=
G
r
2
m
1
m
2
Δ
x
Δ
p
≥
ℏ
2
\Delta x \, \Delta p \geq \frac{\hbar}{2}
Δ
x
Δ
p
≥
2
ℏ
A
=
P
(
1
+
r
n
)
n
t
A = P\left(1+\frac{r}{n}\right)^{nt}
A
=
P
(
1
+
n
r
)
n
t
F
=
m
a
F = ma
F
=
ma
f
∗
=
b
p
−
q
b
f^* = \frac{bp - q}{b}
f
∗
=
b
b
p
−
q
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